Friday, June 26, 2009
the theoretical life
Wednesday, June 24, 2009
love letter to reading, cont'd
1. The Consolations of Philosophy. This book distills the work of six philosophers to offer practical advice for facing everyday social, romantic, and financial problems. The chapter about Michael Montaigne, in particular, talked a lot about the advantages (and shortcomings) of reading.
2. How Proust Can Change Your Life. In this book, de Botton offers more practical self-help advice, this time from the life and writings of Marcel Proust.
The Joys of Reading
De Botton quotes Proust in saying that in books, readers are actually "reading their own selves," and that he "privileges the connection between ourselves and works of art" very highly. But why? "Because it is the only way in which art can properly affect rather than simply distract us from life."
This is, perhaps, one of the best descriptions of the ideal purpose of literature that I've ever read. And it illustrates perfectly the dichotomy I see between bad art (escapist art) and good art (affecting, edifying art). All the "bad books" that I read in the past couple of years were nothing but escapism. I entered them with this purpose in mind, and they didn't touch me or affect me in any way. I didn't see, or read my own self, in the characters. And for this reason, they were, as Proust says, little more than a distraction, usually pleasant, from the dredge of everyday life. Which is not to say that there's no use for escapist art. Whereas I try not to waste my time on bad books, I frequently watch what I know are bad movies, and even enjoy them. They're not edifying, but they're still entertaining, which is their purpose. Most TV is the same. Sometimes, when I don't want to think too hard, I just want to laugh without being affected or edified too much. And that's the success of art as escapism.
But great books, and great art, de Botton argues, can do so much more than that:
"Ruskin had expressed things that Proust might have felt himself but could not have articulated on his own; in Ruskin, he found experiences that he had never been more than semiconscious of raised and beautifully assembled in language."
Everyone has, I imagine, had this experience, where the author seems to have plucked something inchoate from the soul, and expressed clearly and beautiful what had previously seemed ineffable. My favorite line in the movie The History Boys deals with a similar feeling:
"The best moments in reading are when you come across something - a thought, a feeling, a way of looking at things - that you'd thought special, particular to you. And here it is, set down by someone else, a person you've never met, maybe even someone long dead. And it's as if a hand has come out, and taken yours."
That "maybe even someone long dead" strikes me in particular, because I've been reading a lot more "classics" lately. I'd never been a big lover of the classics, dismissing them, obviously erroneously, as outdated and boring. I've always been more drawn to contemporary fiction--my three favorite novelists (John Irving, Richard Russo, and Haruki Murakami) are all alive. But thanks, again, to Tim, I read both Crime and Punishment and Anna Karenina in the past month. And I absolutely loved AK, although when I tried to read it in high school I found it boring and quit almost immediately. It's nice to know that my tastes are advancing, I guess. Shakespeare is a notable exception, a dead writer that I pretty much generally appreciate, but I still haven't read anything beyond his most popular plays (for fear of being bored or confused, I imagine). I guess it's not just that I dismissed the classics as outdated, as some aspects of them inarguably are, but rather, that I'd seen them as irrelevant. Proust expresses it perfectly:
"People of bygone ages seem infinitely remote from us... We are amazed when we come across an emotion more or less like what we feel today in a Homeric hero... It is as though we imagined the epic poet... to be as remote from ourselves as an animal seen in a zoo."
De Botton continues: "But an advantage of more prolonged encounters with Proust or Homer is that worlds that had seemed threateningly alien reveal themselves to be essentially much like our own."
The reason I'd previously been unable to appreciate books written long ago, and been skeptical of what they had to say to me, was because I suspected I had little in common with these characters from such a different age. Before starting AK I feared Russian society life would be incomprehensible (and boring) to me, then was pleasantly surprised. And as promised, I was able to identify strongly with Anna, and found that her world was, although vastly different, essentially much like my own in all the ways that mattered. At Proust's suggestion I would like to go back and read the Iliad again, keeping in mind particularly that the characters are, in fact, humans with emotions just like mine. Inevitably, I will see myself and people I know in all well-crafted characters, no matter when or where they were crafted. That's the mark of a good author. I guess Proust is right... I really do try to read myself in every book.
The Limitations of Books
There are, however, limitations to what we can learn from books. Tim and I were discussing, recently, how people who read often are generally assumed to be "smart," at least in some way. (I'm guilty, I suspect, of thinking that I'm smart for this reason too.) And while reading certainly is necessary, Proust argues that just reading is not enough to enrich onself.
"It becomes dangerous when instead of awakening us to the personal life of the mind, reading tends to take its place, when the truth no longer appears to us as an ideal which we can realise only by the intimate progress of our own thought and the efforts of our heart, but as something material, deposited between the leaves of books like a honey fully prepared by others."
I have, in the past, finished a book and felt as if I'd accomplished something, or gained something. But I've forgotten nearly every book I read in the past twenty-three years. I've forgotten most of the facts I memorized as a history major, and retained only a small percentage of the arguments I struggled to follow. I've read hundred of novels, but I can't name many characters that really affected me, or quote lines that struck me as so thought-provoking at the time. I like to read poetry, to pick it up and read it and put it down, can name several poets who I like, but I can't quote more than a handful of lines, or express, with any concreteness, why it is that I like them.
Too often the things I read go right through me. Looking only to be entertained, I don't grapple with the content, or struggle to understand, so I don't remember or learn from what I read. I stumble on striking ideas, underline or highlight them, then say to myself, "That's interesting." Maybe I even mention them to someone else. I then feel intelligent, accomplished, as if I've gained some sort of knowledge. Up until very recently, I would have considered just the fact that I read as sufficient evidence of my "personal life of the mind," but this is what Proust warns against. For the author, he says, the ideas of a book can be rightfully called "Conclusions." And, he argues, "There is no better way of coming to be aware of what one feels oneself than by trying to recreate in oneself what a master has felt." But for the reader the author's ideas can only be viewed as "Incitements," prompts to one's own thought.
"Reading is on the threshold of the spiritual life; it can introduce us to it: it does not constitute it."
I've made the mistake, for a long time, of thinking that just reading could constiute my spiritual life, could make me an intellectual. But that is, no doubt, one of the reasons why my spiritual life seemed lacking... In order to have a real spiritual life, I must look for myself in what I read, attempt to follow these masters to their conclusions, and then see how I can apply them to my own life and efforts. In this way, I pick up where the author left off, and only then can I say I've truly begun.
... is not a fish you can catch
I was thinking, the other day, about when I feel truly happy. There's those fleeting feelings of sensory happiness--the involuntary smile when I taste something really delicious, or when a good song comes on the radio. And those are genuine happiness, but they're short-lived. But one thing that really makes me happy, an enduring satisfied feeling, is being productive. It's not just the feeling of success, or accomplishing something, although those cause happiness too. Just the indisputable knowledge that what I'm doing is leading me in the right direction. Put as simply as possible, I'm happiest at those rare times when I want to do happens to coincide with what I know I ought to be doing.
And the good thing, I guess, is that I'm starting to realize one or both of those factors can usually be changed in order to foster happiness. Like when I was doing an Honors thesis--I never ever wanted to work on it. I knew I needed to, but I because anxious and miserable and even the idea of it. It was becoming more and more clear to me that I was not going to go to grad school for history, and it was so unappealing. But I was so sure I had to finish it, so whenever I was doing something else (which was all the time), I felt guilty and miserable because I knew I needed to work on my thesis.
Then, a lightbulb: I realized that I didn't have to finish the thesis, and it was such a huge weight lifted off of my shoulders. I discovered that the thesis wasn't really that conducive to my long-term goals, so I quit it. But other tasks that I don't really enjoy are sometimes necessary, so I have to do them. In that case, in order to make myself happier, I need to either a) find a way to make them more appealing, or b) do them as soon as possible, as quickly as possible, and not let them weigh on me. This is how I used to feel about lesson planning. For my entire first year in Korea, I hated lesson planning. I loved delivering the lessons I'd planned, and teaching, so obviously this was something I would just have to work around. I always put off the planning until the last minute, and was miserable when I did it. Thus, I was always finishing things up at 1am or 10 minutes before class, which was stressful, and even worse, I didn't enjoy myself for the preceding evening while I was with friends, because I felt guilty about putting it off.
A big part of this, I know, is just my propensity for procrastination, which is something I tackled at the same time. At the beginning of my second year in Korea, I vowed that I would stop procrastinating, specifically on lesson planning. I had an average of 4 free hours at school each day, but because I hated lesson planning, I would do anything to avoid it, which was so much time wasted. Instead, I vowed to only lesson plan at school, because I had more than enough time, so that it would never be hanging over me after I left work. And to my own surprise, I actually did it. Sure I still didn't enjoy it very much, but two things helped: 1) I had honed my skills and now it took me less time, and 2) I was doing it in the most favorable conditions, when there weren't really other things to do that were much more fun, and I knew that doing it now meant I wouldn't have to worry about it later. So I'm at least satisfied a lot more often at school, because I'm able to enjoy what I should be doing.---
Speaking of happiness, lately I've started reading a lot more, and it really is making my life better. It's as if in the past few years I'd somehow forgotten what I always loved about reading, and saw it more as a chore than an enjoyable pastime. I've also always loved movies, but in the past few months I've started to become a TV watcher, which I consider a huge waste of time. Part of the problem, I think, is that for the past year I've been reading books that were just bad. Korea gave me a lot of time to read, as it was one of the few ways I could amuse myself in my own language, but all I had was the dregs. I bought books I genuinely was interested in every once in awhile, but mostly I just read a mishmash of things I picked up and borrowed, and it stopped being enjoyable. But lately I've read a slew of really amazing books, and I remember what a sheer joy it can be to spend a whole day with a book.
Reading is, for me, the perfect hobby, because it often fills the criteria for happiness that I just laid out. It's an enjoyable hobby, but it's also edifying. Especially because I'm an English teacher and a writer, I can, without stretching, feel like I'm doing some sort of professional development--feel productive while doing something I enjoy. And since Tim inspired me to start reading non-fiction, my apprecation of reading has expanded even more. I love good stories, and believe without question that we can learn a lot from them, but there's something different you can get from non-fiction. I'm experiencing a personal renaissance with the classics lately, and have just been thinking a lot about why I think reading is so vital to human growth. And finally, (with the help of more reading!), I'm finding the words to articulate it:
Reading, better than any other medium, exposes you to the stories, experiences, and opinions of a wide variety of people, many of whom are wiser than you. When a non-reader attempts to answer the great questions of how to live life, or faces a problem, who can he turn to for help? His family, from whom he may have consciously or unconsciously gleaned many of his beliefs, or his friends, who often have the same level of experience and wisdom as him. Oh, and sitcoms.
A reader, on the other hand, has access to, quite literally, the wisdom of the ages. Alain de Botton's Consolations of Philosophy has been revolutionary for me because he does a great job of showing that philosophy offers much more than pie-in-the-sky abstractions, which is what I previously thought. These great thinkers have offered some real, concrete advice on how to live a good life and deal with troubles. And reading is the only way to access the ideas and thoughts of anyone born before the twentieth century. Do I seem to have an overinflated sense of the importance and usefulness of the past? I guess it's just because I'm also a historian.
So unlike watching television and using Facebook, when I read, especially non-fiction, I actually feel like I'm improving myself. I don't feel guilty, as I do when I feel like I'm wasting time, or when I know I ought to be doing something else. It's enjoyable and productive--my perfect recipe for happiness.